:root {
  --siu-maroon: #660000;
  --siu-maroon-dark: #470000;
  --ink: #202428;
  --muted: #5f6871;
  --line: #d5dadd;
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --soft: #f6f7f7;
  --soft-maroon: #f4eded;
  --max: 1160px;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

a {
  color: var(--siu-maroon);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--siu-maroon-dark);
}

a:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible,
[tabindex]:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid #1b65a7;
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.wrap {
  width: min(calc(100% - 42px), var(--max));
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px !important;
  height: 1px !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  margin: -1px !important;
  overflow: hidden !important;
  clip: rect(0 0 0 0) !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
  border: 0 !important;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  left: 16px;
  top: 10px;
  z-index: 1000;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  background: #fff;
  color: #000;
  border: 2px solid #000;
  transform: translateY(-180%);
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.site-header {
  background: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.institution-bar {
  background: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eceeef;
}

.institution-inner {
  min-height: 54px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.institution-link {
  color: var(--siu-maroon);
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.institution-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.nav {
  min-height: 72px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 30px;
}

.brand {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.nav ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 12px 21px;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.94rem;
}

.nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--siu-maroon);
  padding-bottom: 4px;
}

.hero {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fafafa 0%, #fff 100%);
}

.hero-grid,
.hero-grid.hero-grid-text-only {
  min-height: 450px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 860px);
  align-items: center;
  padding-top: 62px;
  padding-bottom: 62px;
}

.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--siu-maroon);
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.79rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.11em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero h1 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(4.3rem, 9vw, 7.7rem);
  line-height: 0.9;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.hero-tagline {
  margin: 22px 0 14px;
  color: #41484f;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.14rem, 2vw, 1.42rem);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.hero-copy {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin: 0;
  color: #3d454d;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 27px;
}

.button {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  border: 2px solid var(--siu-maroon);
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: var(--siu-maroon);
  color: #fff;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.button:hover {
  background: var(--siu-maroon-dark);
  color: #fff;
}

.button.secondary {
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--siu-maroon);
}

.button.secondary:hover {
  background: var(--soft-maroon);
  color: var(--siu-maroon-dark);
}

.section {
  padding-top: 66px;
  padding-bottom: 66px;
}

.section-tint {
  background: var(--soft);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.section-heading {
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.section-heading h2,
.page-title h1,
.single > h2,
.contact-panel h2 {
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.section-heading h2 {
  font-size: 2.2rem;
}

.split-heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
}

.card-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 20px;
}

.card-grid.three {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.card {
  min-height: 245px;
  padding: 25px;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.card h3 {
  margin: 10px 0;
  font-size: 1.27rem;
  line-height: 1.32;
}

.card p {
  color: #46515a;
}

.card-kicker {
  color: var(--siu-maroon);
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.page-title {
  margin-bottom: 42px;
  padding: 60px 0 32px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.page-title h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 5vw, 4.1rem);
}

.lede {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.single {
  max-width: 900px;
  padding-bottom: 76px;
}

.single.wide {
  max-width: 1040px;
}

.single > h2 {
  margin-top: 2.65rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-size: 1.68rem;
}

.single > h2:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.intro {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  color: #3f474e;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
}

.research-block {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 60px 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 33px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-block:last-child {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-number {
  padding-top: 4px;
  color: var(--siu-maroon);
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-block h2 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: 1.58rem;
}

.tags,
.topic-line,
.role-line,
.when,
.pub .num,
.pub .links,
.news-list time,
.timeline time {
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}

.tags,
.topic-line,
.role-line,
.when {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.93rem;
}

.member-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 20px;
}

.member-grid.two {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.member-grid:not(.two) {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.member-card {
  display: block;
  padding: 22px;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.member-card.compact {
  min-height: 170px;
}

.member-card.featured {
  margin-bottom: 36px;
  padding: 28px;
  background: #fcfcfc;
}

.member-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 3px;
  font-size: 1.24rem;
}

.member-card p {
  margin: 7px 0;
}

.member-links {
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.empty-state {
  padding: 20px 22px;
  background: var(--soft);
  border: 1px dashed #bfc5ca;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.home-columns {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.35fr 0.65fr;
  gap: 56px;
}

.news-list article {
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.news-list article:last-child {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.news-list time,
.timeline time {
  color: var(--siu-maroon);
  font-size: 0.79rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.news-list h3 {
  margin: 3px 0 2px;
  font-size: 1.16rem;
}

.news-list p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #4d565f;
}

.contact-panel {
  align-self: start;
  padding: 26px;
  background: var(--soft-maroon);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--siu-maroon);
}

.contact-panel h2 {
  font-size: 1.68rem;
}

.pubs {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
}

.pub {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 52px 1fr;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  padding-bottom: 22px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.pub .num {
  color: var(--siu-maroon);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.pub .title {
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.pub .meta,
.pub .links {
  margin-top: 5px;
}

.pub .links {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.course,
.callout,
.note {
  padding: 20px 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.course {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.course .code {
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.callout {
  background: var(--soft-maroon);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--siu-maroon);
}

.callout h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.note {
  margin-top: 28px;
  background: var(--soft);
  color: #4b555e;
}

.check-list li,
.resource-list li {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.timeline {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.timeline-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 145px 1fr;
  gap: 26px;
  padding: 27px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.timeline-item h2 {
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  font-size: 1.34rem;
}

.timeline-item p {
  margin: 0;
}

.resource-list h2 {
  padding-top: 8px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.site-footer {
  background: #f7f7f7;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: #4f5962;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
}

.footer-grid {
  min-height: 150px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.05fr 1.35fr 1fr;
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: center;
  padding-top: 24px;
  padding-bottom: 24px;
}

.footer-meta {
  text-align: right;
}

.footer-date {
  margin-top: 8px;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .nav {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding-top: 16px;
    padding-bottom: 16px;
  }

  .nav ul {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .card-grid.three,
  .member-grid:not(.two),
  .member-grid.two,
  .home-columns {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .footer-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .footer-meta {
    text-align: left;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  body {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .wrap {
    width: min(calc(100% - 28px), var(--max));
  }

  .institution-inner {
    min-height: 46px;
  }

  .institution-link {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .hero-grid,
  .hero-grid.hero-grid-text-only {
    min-height: auto;
    padding-top: 52px;
    padding-bottom: 52px;
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 4.2rem;
  }

  .page-title {
    padding-top: 46px;
  }

  .split-heading {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .research-block,
  .timeline-item,
  .pub {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 5px;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
}


/* ---------- Consistency pass ---------- */

/* The review version uses a single compact site header. */
.site-header {
  background: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.nav {
  min-height: 74px;
}

/* All principal pages use the same content width and page-title rhythm. */
.single,
.single.wide {
  max-width: 1040px;
}

.page-title {
  margin-bottom: 42px;
  padding: 58px 0 32px;
}

.page-title h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 5vw, 4.1rem);
}

/* Homepage now uses the same page-title system as the internal pages. */
.home-title {
  max-width: 1040px;
}

.home-title h1 {
  font-size: clamp(3.2rem, 6vw, 5.4rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.home-tagline {
  margin-top: 14px;
  color: #41484f;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.home-intro {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin-top: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Keep the same vertical rhythm between title blocks and content. */
.section {
  padding-top: 58px;
  padding-bottom: 58px;
}

.research-block {
  max-width: 1040px;
}

/* Footer spacing aligned across all pages. */
.footer-grid {
  min-height: 142px;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .nav {
    min-height: auto;
  }

  .page-title {
    padding-top: 46px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .home-title h1 {
    font-size: 3.8rem;
  }
}


/* ---------- Photographs ---------- */

.photo-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 22px;
  align-items: start;
  margin: 0 0 28px;
}

figure.photo {
  margin: 0;
}

figure.photo img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

figure.photo figcaption {
  margin-top: 8px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.member-card.has-photo {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 116px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: start;
}

.member-card.featured.has-photo {
  grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 28px;
}

.member-photo {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  object-fit: cover;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .photo-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .member-card.has-photo,
  .member-card.featured.has-photo {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .member-photo {
    max-width: 168px;
  }
}


/* ---------- Previous mentees ---------- */

.mentee-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 1.2rem 0 0;
}

.mentee-list li {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0 10px;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding: 9px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.mentee-list li:first-child {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.mentee-list .years {
  margin-left: auto;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}


/* ---------- Inline photo at reduced width ---------- */

figure.photo.narrow {
  max-width: 480px;   /* displayed width — change this to resize on the page */
  margin: 28px 0;
}